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全球公共卫生安全面临着人口增长、城市化、气候变化和抗生素滥用等多重挑战，新发传染病的跨国传播已构成重大全球性威胁。重大疫情暴露了全球公共卫生治理体系的脆弱性。2014年西非埃博拉疫情促使国际社会加强《国际卫生条例（2025）》执行机制，推动非洲疾病预防控制中心等区域组织的建立，并促进各国公共卫生能力的建设。然而新冠病毒感染疫情再次凸显了全球在信息共享、协调合作和资源分配方面的不足，进一步推动了治理体系的改革需求。2025年5月，第78届世界卫生大会通过了《世界卫生组织大流行协定》，这一里程碑式的协议旨在建立病原体获取和惠益分享系统、强化“同一健康”方针、提升全球卫生系统韧性，并促进大流行相关卫生产品的研发与公平分配。该协定体现了国际社会对多边合作的坚持，但其生效与履约仍面临挑战。未来全球公共卫生安全治理需继续强化多边合作，充分发挥世界卫生组织的核心作用；加大对数字健康技术和公共卫生体系建设的投入，提升监测、预警和响应能力；秉承“同一健康”理念，加强跨部门协调；并将国家公共卫生安全规划深度融入发展战略，通过全球共同努力构建人类卫生健康共同体。
Abstract：Global public health security is confronted with multiple challenges, including population growth, rapid urbanization, climate change, and the misuse of antibiotics, while the transnational spread of emerging infectious diseases has become a major global threat. Large-scale epidemics have exposed the fragility of the global public health governance system. The 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa prompted the international community to strengthen the implementation mechanisms of the International Health Regulations(2005), facilitated the establishment of regional institutions such as the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, and promoted the enhancement of national public health capacities. However, the COVID-19 pandemic once again underscored deficiencies in global information sharing,coordination, and resource allocation, further reinforcing the need for governance reform. In May 2025, the 78 th World Health Assembly adopted the World Health Organization Pandemic Agreement–a milestone accord designed to establish a pathogen access and benefit-sharing system, reinforce the One Health approach, enhance the resilience of global health systems, and promote the research, development, and equitable distribution of pandemic-related health products. This agreement reflects the international community′s commitment to multilateral cooperation, yet its implementation and compliance still face considerable challenges. In the future, global health security governance needs to keep strengthening multilateral collaboration and uphold WHO′s central coordinating role, increase investment in digital health technologies and public health system capacity to improve surveillance, early warning, and response mechanisms, advance crosssectoral coordination under the One Health principle, and integrate national health security planning into broader development strategies to build a shared community of health for all humankind.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:R197.1
引用信息:
[1]王敏敏,刘佐坤,孙一诺,等.全球公共卫生安全治理体系变革与展望[J].中国公共卫生,2026,42(05):635-640.
2026-05-15
2026-05-15