中国公共卫生

目的了解宁夏贫困农村地区留守儿童卫生服务需要与需求状况,寻找制约卫生服务需求的原因,为提高贫困农村地区儿童健康公平性提供实证依据和政策建议。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对宁夏固原市2 017名儿童和其中1 474名儿童家长进行问卷调查,获取儿童、家庭基本情况和儿童卫生服务需要、需求等信息。结果留守儿童父母平均受教育年限少于非留守儿童父母,家庭人均年收入比非留守儿童家庭低约1/4;留守儿童与非留守儿童调查前4周内的患病率分别为34.9%和30.6%,4周内患病儿童的就诊率分别为65.4%和80.3%,调查前1年内应住院而未住院的比例分别为38.8%和26.2%。结论贫困农村地区留守儿童比非留守儿童卫生服务需要程度高,但需要转化成需求的比例低,家庭经济困难和社会支持较少是留守儿童卫生服务需求实现的重要影响因素。

Objective To evaluate health service need and demand among left-behind children in poor rural areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China,and to provide empirical evidence and policy suggestions to improve children's health equity in poor rural areas.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 017 children and their parents(1 474) seleted with stratified cluster sampling from Guyuan city of Ningxia to collect information on demography and health need and demand.Results The average education years of the parents of left-behind children were less than that of non-left-behind children and familial per capita annual income of left-behind children was only one-fourth of that in non-left-behind children.The disease prevalence rates for last 4 weeks in left-behind and non-left-behind children were 34.9% and 30.6% and medical consulting rates of sick children in last 4 weeks were 65.4% and 80.3%,respectively.The ratios of the children who were recommended to be hospitalized but refused to be in hospital were 38.8% for left-behind children and 26.2% for non-left-behind children.Conclusion Left-behind children had more health service needs but received less health service than non-left-behind children in poor rural areas of Ningxia and family financial difficulty and insufficient social support were main factors of the situation.