中国公共卫生

目的了解江西省某市留守中学生主观幸福感状况,探讨主观幸福感与家庭功能关系。方法采取分层整群抽样方法,选取江西省某市2所初中和1所高中2 330名中学生,采用主观幸福感量表和家庭功能评定量表进行问卷调查。结果 (1)留守学生(单亲外出/双亲外出)的友谊、环境和生活满意度得分分别为(4.83±0.88/4.84±0.87)、(3.97±0.99/3.99±1.02)、(4.30±0.68/4.32±0.68)分,低于非留守学生的(4.93±0.88)、(4.12±1.01)、(4.39±0.69)分(P<0.05),双亲外出学生消极情感得分为(2.67±0.89)分,高于非留守学生的(2.55±0.91)分和单亲外出学生的(2.54±0.84)分;(2)留守学生(单亲外出/双亲外出)的角色扮演和情感介入得分分别为(2.31±0.32/2.31±0.30)、(2.21±0.47/2.25±0.44)分,高于非留守学生的(2.27±0.31)、(2.20±0.42)分(P<0.05);(3)除单亲外出学生的消极情感与问题解决无关,其他各维度间均显著相关(P<0.05);对不同类型学生而言,家庭功能的7个维度与其生活满意度、积极情感、消极情感和总体幸福感的相关程度不同;(4)不同类型学生总体幸福感模型引进的变量不同,总体幸福感得分均随各引进变量得分的增加而减少,家庭功能水平可以预测总体幸福感水平。结论留守使学生主观幸福感的部分维度受到负面影响;家庭功能影响主观幸福感水平。

Objective To describe the status of subjective well-being among left-behind students in a city of Jiangxi province and to explore the relationship between family functioning and subjective well-being.Methods Totally 2 330 students in two junior high schools and a senior high school in Jiangxi province were selected with stratified cluster sampling and investigated with Subjective Well-Being Scale for Adolescents and Family Assessment Device.Results The left-behind students with single parent/parents working out had lower scores(4.83±0.88/4.84±0.87,3.97±0.99/3.99±1.02,4.30±0.68/4.32±0.68) than common students(4.93±0.88,4.12±1.01,4.39±0.69) in friendship satisfaction,environment satisfaction,and life satisfaction(P<0.05).The students with their parents working out had a higher score of negative affection(2.67±0.89) than students with their parents at home(2.55±0.91) or with mother or father working out(2.54±0.84).The left-behind students with single parent/parents working out had higher scores(2.31±0.32/2.31±0.30,2.21±0.47/2.25±0.44) than common students(2.27±0.31,2.20±0.42) in roles and affective involvement(P<0.05).Except negative affection,other dimensions were significantly related to problem solving for students with single parent working out(P<0.05).For different students,seven dimensions of family functioning had different degrees of relationship to their life satisfaction,positive affection,negative affection,and overall subjective well-being.For different students,different variables were included in the overall subjective well-being model,and the total subjective well-being score was reduced with the increases of scores of independent variables.Family functioning could predict the level of subjective well-being.Conclusion Single parent or both parents working out could affect some dimensions of subjective well-being among left-behind students and family functioning has a great influence on subjective well-being of the students.