中国公共卫生

目的了解河南省住校中学生心理健康现况,为住校中学生心理干预提供依据。方法于2011年采用分层整群抽样方法,在河南省7个省辖市中抽取初高中学生21 790人,使用中国中学生心理健康量表(MMHI-60)进行现场问卷调查。结果 14 818名住校中学生有心理问题者占48.7%,心理健康10个分量表中以学习压力感得分最高,为(2.26±0.79)分。农村住校生心理量表总均分(2.06±0.52)高于城市住校生(2.02±0.54),高中住校生得分(2.08±0.52)高于初中住校生(1.97±0.54),重点高中住校生得分(2.12±0.51)高于普通高中(2.05±0.53)和职业高中(2.05±0.51),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。男、女生总均分差异无统计学意义,但其在强迫、偏执、人际关系紧张敏感、抑郁、焦虑、学习压力感、适应不良、情绪不稳定、心理不平衡9个分量表上的得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与非住校生相比,住校中学生在心理健康量表各分量表上的得分均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论农村、高中特别是重点高中住校生心理健康状况堪忧,住校中学生心理状况差于非住校生。

Objective To assess metal health status among middle school resident students and to provide evidences for psychological intervention in the students. Methods Totally 21 790 middle school students(including 14 818 resident students) were selected form 70 schools in 7 municipalities and counties in Henan province with stratefied random cluster sampling and surveyed with Mental Health Inventory of Middle School Students(MMHI-60) and a general questionnaire in 2011. Results The detection rate of psychological problems in the resident students was 48. 7%,with the highest score for learning stress(2. 26 ± 0. 79) among the ten subscales of MMHI-60. Compared to among the urban,senior middle school,and normal senior middle school and voccational school resident students,significantly higher average overall MMHI-60 score was observed among the rural(2. 06 ± 0. 52 vs. 2. 02 ± 0. 54),junior middle school(2. 08 ±0. 52 vs. 1. 97 ± 0. 54),and key senior middle school resident students(2. 12 ± 0. 51 vs. 2. 05 ± 0. 53 and 2. 05 ± 0. 51)(all P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the average overall score of MMHI-60 between the male and female students(P > 0. 05),while there were significant gender differences in the scores of 9 MMHI-60 subscales(compulsion,paranoid,sensitivity of interpersonal relationship,depression,anxiety,learning stress,maladaptation,emotional instability,and psychological imbalance)(all P < 0. 05); there was also a significant difference in the average overall MM-HI-60 score between resident and non-resident students(P < 0. 05). Conclusion Mental health status is not good among the rural,senior middle school,especially key senior middle school resident students and mental health status of resident students is worse than that of non-resident students in Henan province.